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My Work's Note

Yi, Wan Gyo


  In the Western tradition, the concept of the beauty begins with ancient Greek gods while, in the Eastern tradition, that concept begins based on the concept of Gi in Jin Dynasty. In other word, Western aesthetics is based on human activity while Eastern aesthetics is based on their vision of the universe that regards the heaven, the earth and the human as a singular being.
 
In the West, new-Platonists like Shaftsberry and Shering have introduced their theory of inner sense, which help people understand Oriental concept of the beauty. This kind of concept is an unrealistic vision of the world that transcends the reality through the fantasy while Eastern tradition is a transcendence through the reality based on the enlightenment of being full of atmosphere and life. Regarding the sense, western art applies only the sense of vision and the sense of hearing to its art while eastern art emphasizes the importance of all the sense; It not only applies all five sense the human has to its art but also put more emphasis on six sense, the mind. Five senses is nothing but the prerequisite to acquire sixth sense, the mind that will bring you to the stage of transcending the form. In this stage of Tao, you can find that you, the earth and the heaven is not the separated beings. The difference of vision of the world between the
West and the East results from the different way they take in seeking the truth.


   Another characteristic of eastern art is that its works have a space that can be interpretated as many different ways. This space creates Chi, that will bring you into the state of freedom from al thoughts, and in the end you can forget yourself. In that stage, you can enjoy the perfect peace of mind. Since this kind of theory of atmosphere is a top virtue of Taoism, Eastern art attempts to represent the spiritual world of Taoism. Beside, the spiritual world of Taoism cannot be expressed by words or any other logic, which matches well with the essence of art. Lao-tzu says that Tao cannot be called Tao. Huineng said that the truth of Buddhism cannot be expressed in words. In all, Eastern tradition emphasize the importance of the state of freedom from all thought as the place for enlightenment.

  The sense in western tradition can be acquired in a moment, but enlightenment in Eastern tradition can be acquired in one's mind thought a long period of training. Chuang-tzu said that the true enlightenment is beyond human sense, the state of freedom from all thoughts. Though Tao exists in the object, it is not tangible. So Lao-tzu teaches us to realize the meaning of adding or deducting since one cannot exist without the other. Adding is a prerequisite for deducting. The main source of Eastern art is Tao. Tao is the final stage, deep and infinite. Therefore, Eastern artists emphasize the enlightenment that can be acquired through understanding the order of the universe by inverse by investigating the object using one's mind. That is, knowledge means you add something everyday while Tao means you throw away something everyday. Once you acquire enlightenment, just leave.


  Western culture creates the beauty by proportion of the object. The perspective of Leonard da Vinci is a good example. Designing all the lines in the ceiling in the way that they meets at one spot in the end-the head of the Jesus, he succeeds in expressing the Jesus as a great being. This effect results from the way of recognizing the object-when you analyze the object in the sense of vision, you have to see the object from a fixed focus.

  In the case of photograph, F-64 group from the south of the U.S. is a good example. Picture of leaves, color and flower by Imogen Cunningham, picture of pimento, calm and sand by Edward Western and picture of flowers by Georgia O'Keeffe used a method of fixed focus. In western art, it is important to find the best vision point in the object, and to draw the essential and analytic sense though that focus. Thus, the vision point in Western art provides the whole picture of the object at it we were looking through the hole of the window. While this kind of approach in western art is quite epistemologic and normative emphasizing the object, the vision of Eastern art is kind of enlightenment of Zen that feels the object in one's mind instead of catching the shape or form. Shitao, a Chinese painter, said that you create a piece of landscape with you mind. First, you store all the feelings in your mind, and then you begin to paint when those feelings ring a bell in your mind. This kind of vision of in its entirety is not focus vision but spreading vision. It attempts to draw the image of the object in one's mind looking around the world, up and down, far and near. The structure of ancient cottage-open to all directions-provides a good source to explain the origin of spreading vision. Sitting in the ancient cottage, one can look far away, look up and look through the fronting mountain, and finally come back to his mind. In a word, spreading vision is a universal vision that does not go into one direction. It gathers all the universe in one's mind. Zhangshan of China said in his poet that this cottage commands a perfect view of the landscape of the world. Spreading vision of Eastern art requires not the eye but the mind to move. Therefore, Western people enjoy the landscape with the eye while Eastern people with the mind.

 

  The space in Eastern art has a reconciliatory characteristic of spacing the time. True reconciliation is not homogeneous but heterogeneous. The reconciliation in the Eastern tradition means the harmony of Yang and Yin and the balance of five Elements(tree, fire,
soil, metal and water). Yin indicates the emptiness, but it also indicates the space for something. The truth exists in this space. The combination of Yang and Yin in this space creates Chi. Thus, Tao creating Chi is the truth of the nature.
  In western viewpoint, the space means the physical emptiness while the space in Eastern tradition creates a spiritual place to enjoy the perfect freedom of mind. This kind of space requires the place of loss as its requisite. As we should forget the word to acquire the will, so we should acquire the emptiness first to acquire the loss. The space of the emptiness is deep, far away, high, free, silent, clear and space of Taoism where Tao prevails. This is the source of the life, whose inside is fertile though outside is sterile, inside is Iively though outside is dead and inside is great though outside is weak. In this space, one can get the freedom from all thoughts and reach the state of enlightenment when you can understand every phenomenon around you. Thus, once you fall into this space, you forget you body, the sense of vision and hearing, and become to understand the order of the nature and the universe. The nature of the peace
of mind is Tao, and the emptiness is the peace of mind since Tao works in the emptiness. The impression you get form the object near you is very big but it does not last long in your mind. Meanwhile, the impression you get in your mind does not go away as times go by. Thus, some say that spiritual impression leaves more diverse feelings than physical impression does. The only way to realize Tao of the universe is to recognize the world not with the eye or the ear but with the mind, and to feel the world through Chi.


  As far as color is concerned, Western art does not include black in its color circle. Eastern art, however, regard black and white as the source of all the colors with little emphasis on other gorgeous colors. The combination of the three primary colors of the light produces the white color, and the combination of the three primary colors of the color produces the black color. Seven colors of the Western art is a visual factor while the black and white of the Eastern art is a factor for the mental image. The black is not a single color since it can be divided into five colors according to the density. The perspective in Western art expresses the object with lines while that in the Eastern art expresses even the depth of the object with the density of the black. Strong black is a color of Yin that can expresses the deep, silent and meaningful world of Taoism while weak black is a color of Yang that can expresses bright, clear and nice world of Confucianism

  The black in the Eastern art;
 
First, it can be divided into five colors according to the density.
Second, Strong black can be used to express the essence of a deep feeling beyond just depicting the object. It has something to do with the Eastern philosophy that the black is considered the source of all the colors.
  Third, diluting the black is not to depict the object but to express the something spiritual. A Chinese master said that five colors created
by controling the density of the black is used to acquires the will.
The black not only expresses the light but also symbolizes the Chi of the universe. Therefore, we can see the brightness only through the dark black, and the true appreciation of the dark color requires a lot of time.

My works have been done based on aforementioned rationale.
I may say that my works are in the category of Eastern tradition or, more specifically, in the category of Korean tradition.
Anyway, I have just followed my heart in creating those photographs.