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Eastern Ideas expressed in Yi, Wan-Gyo's Photograph
Choi, Ii-bum (Professor, Department of Korean Philosophy, Sungkyunkwan University)
It many sound strange that I, being an outsider in the field of photograph, write an essay on the works of professional photographer. However, after saw his works and heard about his point of view in creating the works, I became to think that I might have something to say about his works as a scholar majoring in Eastern Ideas. This arttist, who I think has his own opinions on Eastern Ideas and whose artistic source is Eastern ideas, once asked me to comment on his works from the viewpont of eastern ideas. While talking with him, I noticed that he had been fascinated with a concept of Eastern Ideas, Chi, and that Chi is reflected in his works. In addition, I realized that this artist had devoted himself to finding the unique characteristics of Korean photograph art.
I should say that what attracted me to his works is his strong will to create a unique Korean aesthetics using photograph art. When I see his works, some fragmentary thoughts come up in my mind; The concept of Chaos of Taoism, Huayan of Buddhism
and ideas of Zhou, Iianxi, a chinese philosopher in North-Song Dynasty. His works remind me of Zhou, lianxi because his photographs captureonly roots and branches. Zhou, Iianxi was a prominent philosopher of that period, whose house was filled with weeds.
When someone asked the reason, he answered that he feels the universality of the life from the thriving weeds. In general, most of the people want to decorate their garden with beautiful flowers. There is no room for weeds to grow. People get rid of weed as soon as it begin to bud between beautiful flowers. To Zhou, lianxi, however, weeds is nothing but a holder of the life, and he sees the universality of the life in it. In other word, he treats flowers and weeds in the same way because they are holders of the life. I think we may notice in his works his intention to recognize everything as the movement of the life.
He seems to make an effort to reach the stage of no-distinction; in this stage, one does not see the object from the viewpoint of which is right or wrong. This kind of his mental stage, together with intentionally mis-focused works, reminds me of Chaos that
Chuangtzu said. This story is as follows:
The Ruler of the Southern Ocean was Shu, the Ruler of the Northern Ocean was Hu, and the Ruler of the Centre was Chaos. Shu and Hu were continually meeting in the land of Chaos, who treated them very well. They consulted together how they might repay
his kindness, and said, "Men all have seven orifices for the purpose of seeing, hearing, eating, and breathing, while this (poor)Ruler alone has not one. Let us try and make them for him." Accordingly they dug one orifice in him every day; and at the end of seven days Chaos died.
The death of Chaos symbolizes the destruction of organic and singular characteristic of the nature. While the kings of the south sea and the north sea symbolize the stage of distinction, Chaos, the king of the center, symbolize the stage of no-distinction. In the Western tradition, chaos has a negative meaning of the state of no-order. However, Chuangtzu's Chaos has a positive meaning of the center or the origin that connects the north and the south. This kind of difference in the meaning of chaos comes from the basic difference in the way of thinking between West based on dichotomy and East pursuing the unity. I have become to conclude that Chuangtzu's chaos might be what he intends to express through his works. Puncturing Chaos symbolizes the transferring of human consciousness from the stage of no-distinction to the stage of distinction. In the stage of distinction, one becomes to distinct the values, beauty and ugliness, vice and virtue. But reaching the stage of no-distinction does not mean the denial of any value. As Mahavairocana teaches us, chaos means the stage of no-obsession. It's like that even when you help someone, you don't have the consciousness of helping someone. The teaching of Mahavariocana that if you are conscious of helping others, that is not true virtue, but hypocrisy explains the true meaning of chaos. In that regard, professor Myoungsim. Youk's comment on his works is very appropriate.
"His pictures of the grass or the branch is so familiar that I cannot see anything different in his works from photographs of other artists. But, I should say that his photographs have one thing unique to him. Photographs of the grass taken by famous American photographer, Calahan and his followers attempt to visualize the beauty while his works attempts to capture the movement of Chi, the origin source of the universe, instead of pursuing the order and composition of photograph itself. Photographs attempting to catch the order of the nature by investigating the grass or the tree itself just catch hold of the object from the perspective of the beauty. Meanwhile, he attempts to catch hold of the formative order from the perspective of the life." Unless you see the object in his work as a holder of the life(the concept of the life here comes from the viewpoint of organic and
singular living body of Eastern Ideas), you cannot understand the concept of chaos and relaxation expressed in his works. In that regard, we can say that his works represent the tip of viewpoint of Abatamska. The world of Abatamska can be explained as the organic world where one is the entire body and the entire body is one. By the way, this orgnic world not only explains the physical structure of the world but also expresses the spritual world of enlightened Buddha, his mercy for any holder of the life. To Buddha, any holder of the life has the same significance that the entire universe has. In the mind of the Buddha, each and everything in this universe is equal in terms of the value of its life. We should face the mind reaching the stage of no-distinction, and command control of it. His artistic world has an unlimited potential because his works are based on eastern Ideas and aesthetics.
I can explain the direction of his artistic world using the meditation topic of Zen society-mountain is a mountain, and water is water. This well-known meditation topic by Yousin expresses the dialectic interpretation of the life. First, "mountain is a mountain, and water is water" indicates the mundane stage of distinction. Second, "mountain is not a mountain, and water is not water" indicates the transcendental stage of no-distinction. Yousin, however, goes beyond this stage. Third, "mountain is also a mountain, and water is also water" indicates the return from the transcendental stage to the mundane stage. Why we should return to the mundane world? That's because we should go back to the mundane world to see the life. Recognizing the value of the life of a rose and a mum equally is one thing and appreciating the color and shape of both differently is another. In the mundane stage of distinction, we do not see the humble beauty of a mum blinded by the gorgeous beauty of a rose. In the transcendental stage of no-distinction, we can recognize the value of a mum as well as the beauty of a rose, rather than denying the beauty of a rose. In a world, distinction, no-distinction and
enlightening of true value of the life is happening in the world of the mind. Artistic world of this artist attempts to investigate the value of the life from the viewpoint of no-distinction. That's why his photographs do not despise a single grass or a tree and reject any kind of distinction.